![]() A good example is an SQL service account that doesn’t have system-level rights to the databases hosted on that SQL server. Sometimes service accounts have limited rights. Similarly, Silver Tickets let attackers forge Active Directory PACs for ticket-granting service (TGS) tickets. However, unlike Golden Tickets, Silver Tickets give attackers rights to only a specific service on a specific host. TGS tickets are encrypted with the service’s password hash, so if a threat actor steals the hash for a service, they can create TGS tickets for that service. It allows attackers to create a valid Kerberos TGT for any user in the domain and manipulate that user’s PAC to gain additional privileges. Golden Tickets are useful for avoiding detection because adversaries can use seemingly innocuous accounts to perform privileged activities. ![]() Golden Tickets and Silver Tickets also allow attackers to leverage forged PACs in an Active Directory attack.Ī Golden Ticket is a forged Kerberos ticket-granting ticket (TGT) created through a stolen KDC key. To test this vulnerability, you can use the Python Kerberos Exploitation Kit (PyKEK) or Kekeo. This attack was also covered in detail at Black Hat 2015 and on. The Windows cybersecurity team quickly addressed CVE-2014-6324 by releasing the MS14-068 update.įor complete information about the vulnerability and patch, read Microsoft’s post. The PAC became a target for AD privilege elevation attacks when a vulnerability in the PAC validation algorithm in Windows Server version 2012 R2 and earlier was publicly disclosed in 2014. This vulnerability allows attackers to forge a PAC for any user account they’ve compromised and effectively make that user a Domain Admin. Privilege Escalation Attacks (CVE-2014-6324) Attacks that Exploit the Kerberos PACīecause PACs contain very valuable information, they are the target of multiple Windows AD attack techniques. ![]() ![]() It also answers frequently asked questions about the Kerberos PAC. This guide details several attacks that involve the Kerberos PAC, the limitations of PAC validation for defending against them, and how Netwrix solutions can help. Active Directory Security Best Practices. ![]()
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